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Dietary pesticide exposure profiles in the NutriNet-Santé cohort
- Pauline Rebouillat, Rodolphe Vidal, Jean-Pierre Cravedi, Bruno Taupier-Letage, Laurent Debrauwer, Laurence Gamet-Payrastre, Mathilde Touvier, Serge Hercberg, Denis Lairon, Julia Baudry, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the Nutrition Society / Volume 79 / Issue OCE2 / 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 June 2020, E423
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- Article
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Pesticides are used in large quantities in current agriculture all over Europe. Some pesticides are suspected of having negative effects on human health. While the risk associated with occupational exposure is getting well-documented, evidence of dietary exposure to these molecules in the general population is lacking. The aim of this study is to describe dietary exposure to pesticides among NutriNet-Santé cohort participants’.
NutriNet-Santé is a web-based cohort of French middle-aged adults launched in 2009. BioNutriNet is an ancillary study launched in 2014, aiming to measure organic and conventional food consumption and evaluate different dimensions of diet sustainability. Dietary intake of organic and conventional foods was assessed using a 264 items self-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Exposure to 25 commonly used pesticides was evaluated using contamination data from CVUA Stuttgart accounting for farming system. Dietary pesticide exposure profiles were identified using Non-Negative Matrix factorization (NMF), specially adapted for non-negative data with excess zeros. The NMF scores were then introduced in a hierarchical clustering process. Identified clusters were described in terms of sociodemographics, dietary patterns and exposure to pesticides.
A total of 34,442 participants were selected. Four clusters were identified. All clusters seemed to be exposed to the same molecules, with gradual intensity. The first cluster was characterized by the lowest energy-intake, highest organic food consumption (26.9%) and lowest dietary pesticide exposure; participants had highest consumption levels of organic food groups, including fruits and vegetables. Proportion of male participants and of rural residents was higher than in other groups. Clusters 2 and 3 were characterized by intermediate energy intake, and low organic food consumption. High conventional fruits and vegetables intake and moderate pesticide exposure were observed in cluster 2, composed of a lower smokers’ proportion. Cluster 3 individuals were less exposed to pesticides than clusters 2 and 4, except for Spinosad and Pyrethrins. Cluster 4 was characterized by the highest energy intake, lowest organic food consumption (12.2%), and highest pesticide exposure ; high consumption levels of conventional fruits, vegetables and a higher proportion of vegetarians were observed. This cluster was composed of 85.6% female participants, mainly retired (47.5%), mostly living in cities of 200 000 inhabitants and more (48.2%), and physically active.
Dietary pesticide exposures seem to vary across the clusters and depending on the proportion of organic food in the diet. High consumers of conventional fruits and vegetables consumers seem to be more exposed to our selection of pesticides.
Contributors
- Edited by Thierry Madiès, Université de Fribourg, Switzerland, Dominique Guellec, Jean-Claude Prager
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- Book:
- Patent Markets in the Global Knowledge Economy
- Published online:
- 05 March 2014
- Print publication:
- 20 March 2014, pp x-xvi
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On the dynamics of magnetically driven elastic filaments
- MARCUS ROPER, RÉMI DREYFUS, JEAN BAUDRY, M. FERMIGIER, J. BIBETTE, H. A. STONE
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- Journal:
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 554 / 10 May 2006
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 24 April 2006, pp. 167-190
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Following a novel realization of low-Reynolds-number swimming (Dreyfus et al., Nature, vol. 436, 2005, p. 862), in which self-assembled filaments of paramagnetic micron-sized beads are tethered to red blood cells and then induced to swim under crossed uniform and oscillating magnetic fields, the dynamics of magnetoelastic filaments is studied. The filament is modelled as a slender elastica driven by a magnetic body torque. The model is applied to experiments of Goubault et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 91, 2003, art. 260802) to predict the lifetimes of metastable static filament conformations that are known to form under uniform fields. A second experimental swimming scenario, complementary to that of Dreyfus et al. (2005), is described: filaments are capable of swimming even if not tethered to red blood cells. Yet, if both ends of the filament are left free and the material and magnetic parameters are uniform along its length then application of an oscillating transverse field can only generate homogeneous torques, and net translation is prohibited by symmetry. It is shown that fore–aft symmetry is broken when variation of the bending stiffness along the filament is accounted for by including elastic defects, which produces results consistent with the swimming phenomenology.
Cortical mapping of gamma oscillations in areas V1 and V4 of the macaque monkey
- GABRIEL ROLS, CATHERINE TALLON-BAUDRY, PASCAL GIRARD, OLIVIER BERTRAND, JEAN BULLIER
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- Journal:
- Visual Neuroscience / Volume 18 / Issue 4 / July 2001
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 11 January 2002, pp. 527-540
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To characterize the temporal and spatial parameters of gamma activity evoked by visual stimuli in areas V1 and V4 of the monkey cortex, we recorded the electrocorticogram (ECoG) with an implanted array of 28 and 31 subdural electrodes placed over the surface of the operculum in two anesthetized monkeys. This intermediate level of recordings should help to bridge the gap between multiunit and scalp recordings. Both averaged and single-trial responses to small flashed stimuli, for which we varied the retinotopic position, the luminance and the color, were analyzed in the time-frequency domain using a wavelet-based decomposition of the signal. Large gamma oscillations (40–55 Hz), not phase locked to stimulus onset, were observed during the whole stimulus presentation, whereas visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were present mainly at stimulus onset and offset. Cortical mapping showed that both activities were restricted in spatial extent and followed the retinotopic organization of area V1 on the operculum, thus strongly suggesting they were generated in the underlying cortex. Oscillatory burst detection in single trials showed that one to two bursts lasting from 100 ms to 500 ms occurred in the first 500 ms following stimulus onset, and that bursts occurring during the subsequent phases of the response had a smaller amplitude and duration. Finally, we showed that gamma activity was stronger with higher luminances and for red than for green, yellow, or white stimuli of same luminance. In one animal we recorded gamma activity over area V4. This was of lower magnitude than the activity recorded over V1 and was delayed by 40 ms with respect to the beginning of gamma activity in V1, in contrast with the VEPs that were delayed by 20 ms only. Both gamma oscillations and early VEP followed the retinotopic organization of V4 over the prelunate gyrus. The results show that gamma oscillations are dependent upon the same parameters as the VEPs (retinotopic position, luminance, and color). However, the differences in the time course of VEPs and gamma activity (transient vs. sustained) suggests that these two responses may reflect different cell populations, different networks, or different firing modes.